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By Dylan Griffiths and Carlos Caminada
Dozens of refineries, oil fields, gas plants, ports and other energy infrastructure have been damaged by missile and drone strikes, five weeks into the Iran war.
US President Donald Trump threatened to bring “Hell” to Iran with strikes on power plants and other infrastructure if the Strait of Hormuz was not reopened. Tehran rejected the demands, and continued attacks across the region. A huge petrochemicals plant in the United Arab Emirates was halted, while Kuwait’s oil sector came under a fresh barrage of strikes.
Here is a list of some of the Middle East’s most important energy facilities that have been hit or disrupted during the conflict. Some facilities have restarted after being temporarily shut, but the operational status of other sites remains unclear.
Oil Refineries:
- Ruwais, UAE: One of the biggest refineries in the world suffered multiple fires caused by falling debris from air-defense interception, Abu Dhabi’s government said April 5.
- Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Aramco temporarily halted operations at the kingdom’s largest crude processing plant — with 550,000 barrels a day of capacity — after a drone attack in the first few days of the war. The facility has since been restarted.
- Samref, Saudi Arabia: A drone fell on the refinery that’s half owned by Exxon Mobil Corp. on March 19.
- Bapco Energies, Bahrain: The 400,000 barrel-a-day plant was damaged in an attack last month and declared force majeure on operations that had been impacted.
- Gulf Petrochemical Industries Co., Bahrain: Some operational units caught fire after drone attacks April 5.
- Kuwait National Petroleum Co. and Petrochemical Industries Co. facilities suffered significant damage as emergency and fire response teams worked to contain conflagrations at several sites, KPC said April 5. Those attacks followed hits on KPC’s headquarters.
- Mina Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait: A drone attack caused fire in a number of operational units on April 3. The refinery suffered had also been hit on two consecutive days last month that had shut some units.
- Mina Abdullah, Kuwait: A fire at the plant was extinguished following a March 19 attack.
- Lanaz, Iraq: Operations were suspended at the plant in the northern city of Erbil last month after a fire caused by a drone strike, Reuters reported, citing unidentified provincial officials.
Sources: Bloomberg reporting, Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project; US Central Intelligence Agency; US Department of Energy
Gas Facilities
- Ras Laffan, Qatar: QatarEnergy said LNG facilities were hit by Iranian missiles, triggering fires that caused extensive damage, including to Shell Plc’s gas-to-liquids plant. QatarEnergy has declared force majeure on some long-term supply contracts.
- Habshan, UAE: Abu Dhabi suspended operations at the country’s largest natural gas processing facility on Friday following an attack that sparked a fire.
- South Pars, Iran: Israel attacked facilities at Iran’s giant gas field March 18, with fires causing some units to be taken out of production, according to the semi-official Tasnim news agency.
- Isfahan, Iran: A gas pressure-regulation station and an associated administrative building were targeted this week in central Isfahan province in recent US–Israeli attacks, the semi-official Fars news agency reported.
- Shah, UAE: Operations were suspended after an Iranian drone attack on March 16 caused a fire at the massive natural gas field.
- Das Island LNG, UAE: Abu Dhabi plant in the Persian Gulf were operating at low levels due to inability to export via the Strait of Hormuz.
Oil Fields
- Majnoon, Iraq: The oil field in the south of the country was targeted by an attack, according to a statement from Iraq’s Oil Ministry, which didn’t provide any additional details.
- Shaybah, Saudi Arabia: The 1 million barrel-a-day field in the kingdom’s east has been repeatedly targeted by multiple drones. No damage has been reported.
Nuclear Plants
- Bushehr, Iran: A projectile struck the grounds of the Bushehr nuclear power plant March 27, Iran’s Fars news agency reported, adding preliminary assessments indicated no damage to any section of the facility. The plant had also come under attack previously.
Aluminum Plants
- Al Taweelah, UAE: Emirates Global Aluminium said March 28 that it sustained “significant damage” at its site at the Khalifa Port industrial zone in Abu Dhabi following Iranian attacks.
- Alba, Bahrain: Aluminium Bahrain said it was assessing the extent of damage to its facility after an Iranian attack.
- Mobarakeh, Iran: Mobarakeh Steel Co. completely halted production after attacks caused damage and destroyed key units, Iran’s state-run Nour News reported April 2, citing a company statement.
Ports
- Yanbu, Saudi Arabia: Loadings at the key Red Sea port resumed March 19 after a brief halt, following an Iranian attack. The facility has become crucial as the kingdom races to boost exports following the near standstill in the Strait of Hormuz.
- Fujairah, UAE: The critical Emirati port outside Hormuz has been periodically shut by drone strikes, impacting flows of both crude and fuels.
- Jebel Ali, UAE: DP World has previously suspended operations at the key container port in Dubai as a precautionary measure.
- Khor Fakkan, UAE: Debris caused by air defense interception fell on the port on April 5, causing a fire that authorities brought under control.
- Sohar, Oman: the port has resumed operations after being shut after the area was hit by drones.
- Mina Al Fahal, Oman: Crude export terminal resumed operations on March 12 after being closed as a precautionary measure.
- Salalah, Oman: The port suspended operations after an attack March 28, according to Inchcape Shipping Services. Oman said it was investigating the source and motive of the strike as no one claimed the attack. The facility has also previously been hit.
- Khalifa Bin Salman, Bahrain: Maersk’s APM Terminals unit said March 12 it suspended operations at the port.
- Shahid Haghani, Iran: US-Israeli strikes targeted the port in the southern city of Bandar Abbas, near the Strait of Hormuz, the semi-official Tasnim news agency reported on April 1.
Sources: Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project as of April 3 morning Middle East time, Bloomberg News reporting
— With assistance from Salma El Wardany, Fiona MacDonald, Alex Longley, Olga Tanas, Priscila Azevedo Rocha, Elena Mazneva, David Wethe, Prejula Prem, Ruth Liao, Nayla Razzouk, and Anthony Di Paola
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